Tack (general term)
A sailing term that describes a boat’s position in relation to the wind and the side on which the sails are set. It is important for manoeuvring and for applying right-of-way rules at sea.
Starboard tack
A sailing boat is on a starboard tack when the wind is coming from the starboard side of the boat and the sails are set to port.
Port tack
A sailing boat is on a port tack when the wind is coming from the port side of the boat and the sails are set to starboard.
Windward side
The windward side is the side of the boat from which the wind is blowing.
Leeward side
The leeward side is the side opposite the windward side, away from the direction from which the wind is blowing. The sails are generally positioned on the leeward side.
Heading up / Luffing up
A manoeuvre in which the helmsman changes course so that the boat turns closer to the wind. As the boat heads up, the sails normally need to be gradually sheeted in.
Bearing away
A manoeuvre in which the boat turns away from the wind. As the boat bears away, the sails should be eased to maintain the correct trim for the new wind angle.
Easing the sails
The action of releasing the sheets so that the sails move farther away from the centreline of the boat. This is generally required when bearing away or sailing on a reach or downwind course.
Sheeting in
The action of tightening the sheets so that the sails move closer to the centreline of the boat. Sheeting in is normally required when heading up or sailing close-hauled.
Tacking
A manoeuvre in which the boat changes tack by turning the bow through the wind. Tacking is commonly used when sailing upwind.
Gybing / Jibing
A manoeuvre in which the boat changes tack by turning the stern through the wind. It is most commonly used when sailing on a broad reach or downwind.
Apparent wind
The wind experienced on board a moving sailing boat. It is the result of the combination of the true wind and the airflow created by the boat’s own speed and direction of movement. Apparent wind is essential for correct sail trim.
